Conservation Voltage Reduction in Modern Power Systems: Applications, Implementation, Quantification, and AI-Assisted Techniques

Alireza Gorjian, Mohsen Eskandari () and Mohammad H. Moradi ()
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Alireza Gorjian: Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 6516738695, Iran
Mohsen Eskandari: The School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
Mohammad H. Moradi: Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 6516738695, Iran

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 5, 1-36

Abstract: Conservation voltage reduction (CVR) is a potentially effective and efficient technique for inertia synthesis and frequency support in modern grids comprising power electronics (PE)-based components, aiming to improve dynamic stability. However, due to the complexities of PE-based grids, implementing the CVR methods cannot be performed using traditional techniques as in conventional power systems. Further, quantifying the CVR impacts in modern grids, while focusing on dynamic time scales, is critical, consequently making the traditional methods deficient. This is an important issue as CVR utilization/quantification depends on grid conditions and CVR applications. Considering these concerns, this work offers a thorough analysis of CVR applications, implementation, and quantification strategies, including data-driven AI-based methods in PE-based modern grids. To assess the CVR applications from a new perspective, aiming to choose the proper implementation and quantification techniques, they are divided into categories depending on various time scales. CVR implementation methods are categorized into techniques applied to PE-based grids and islanded microgrids (MGs) where different control systems are adopted. Additionally, to address the evaluation issues in modern grids, CVR quantification techniques, including machine learning- and deep learning-based techniques and online perturbation-based methods are evaluated and divided based on the CVR application. Concerns with the further utilizing and measuring of CVR impacts in modern power systems are discussed in the future trends section, where new research areas are suggested.

Keywords: AI; conservation voltage reduction (CVR); dynamics frequency support; power electronics (PE)-based grids; microgrid (MG); inverter-interfaced distributed generation units (IIDGs) (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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