A Comprehensive Assessment of the Refrigerant Charging Amount on the Global Performance of a Transcritical CO 2 -Based Bus Air Conditioning and Heat Pump System

Yulong Song, Hongsheng Xie, Mengying Yang, Xiangyu Wei, Feng Cao () and Xiang Yin
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Yulong Song: School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Hongsheng Xie: School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Mengying Yang: School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Xiangyu Wei: School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Feng Cao: School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Xiang Yin: School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 6, 1-21

Abstract: To mitigate the contemporary environmental challenges and to respect the regulations on the progressive ban of hydrofluorocarbons (HFC), natural fluid CO 2 was selected as an ideal refrigerant alternative in the transportation domain. In this study, the optimal CO 2 charging amount and the refrigerant distribution in a bus air conditioning/heat pump system were analyzed in detail. The results showed that there was a plateau (so named by the best charging amount) of the CO 2 charging amount in which the system performance reached an optimal value and maintained it nearly unchanged during this plateau while the performance declined on both sides of the plateau. In addition, the ambient temperature was found to have little effect on the determination of the refrigerant charging plateau, while the refrigerant distribution was affected by the ambient temperature to some extent. Due to the large thermal load and thermal inertia on a bus, the data and conclusions obtained are different from those of ordinary electric small passenger vehicles. This article aims to discover some quantitative parameters and lay a theoretical foundation in this field which is lacking relevant research. Through the research based on the GT-Suite simulation platform, we simulated the transcritical CO 2 cycle applied on a bus, and the performance changes of the bus system (COP 1.2–2.2, refrigerating capacity 9.5–18 kW) under different charging rates (3–8 kg) were obtained.

Keywords: transcritical CO 2 cycle; bus air conditioning and heat pump; optimal charging amount; refrigerant distribution (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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