Evaluation of the Reactivity of Hematite Oxygen Carriers Modified Using Alkaline (Earth) Metals and Transition Metals for the Chemical Looping Conversion of Lignite

Hsiao Mun Lee, Jiahui Xiong, Xinfei Chen, Haitao Wang, Da Song, Jinlong Xie, Yan Lin, Ya Xiong, Zhen Huang () and Hongyu Huang
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Hsiao Mun Lee: School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510640, China
Jiahui Xiong: School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510640, China
Xinfei Chen: Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510640, China
Haitao Wang: Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510640, China
Da Song: Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510640, China
Jinlong Xie: School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510640, China
Yan Lin: Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510640, China
Ya Xiong: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
Zhen Huang: Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510640, China
Hongyu Huang: Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510640, China

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 6, 1-16

Abstract: Chemical looping (CL) technology is a novel technology for the clean and efficient use of energy. Oxygen carriers (OCs) are the cornerstone of CL technology. The development of low–cost, high–performance OCs is crucial for the application of CL conversion. Hematite, one of the natural Fe–based OCs, has several advantages (e.g., low cost and environmental friendliness), but its low reactivity limits its application in CL. The performance of hematite can be effectively improved by modifying some of its active components. This study explored the improvement of hematite reactivity by adding alkaline (earth) metals (K, Na, and Ca) and transition metals (Ni, Cu, and Mn). The crystal phases of the OCs were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the results revealed that the addition of metals significantly changed the phase of the original hematite. The active solid solution of K–Fe–O and Na–Fe–O species exhibited strong catalytic activity to facilitate lignite char conversion. The addition of CaO promoted the devolatilization of lignite, while the formation of a solid CaFe 2 O 4 solution with low reactivity inhibited the lattice oxygen release. The presence of CuO/CuFe 2 O 4 in the Cu–modified sample could release a small amount of free O 2 to promote volatile conversion. The high activity phases of NiO and NiFe 2 O 4 in the Ni–modified OCs could improve the reaction activity of hematite. However, the MnFeO 3 phase with low reaction activity was generated in the Mn–modified OC, decreasing the reaction rate of the Mn–modified OC with lignite char.

Keywords: chemical looping; lignite; hematite; alkaline (earth) metals; transition metals (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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