Lifetime Limitations in Multi-Service Battery Energy Storage Systems

Mathilda Ohrelius (), Magnus Berg, Rakel Wreland Lindström and Göran Lindbergh
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Mathilda Ohrelius: Applied Electrochemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
Magnus Berg: Vattenfall AB, SE-162 87 Stockholm, Sweden
Rakel Wreland Lindström: Applied Electrochemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
Göran Lindbergh: Applied Electrochemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 7, 1-16

Abstract: A reliable power grid system based on renewable energy sources is a crucial step to restrict the climate crisis. Stationary battery energy storage systems (BESS) offer a great potential to repel power fluctuations in the grid at different timescales. However, for a reliable operation and cost estimation, the degradation in the batteries needs to be understood. We present an accelerated battery degradation study, on single as well as multi-service applications, of NCM532/Gr lithium-ion battery cells. Frequency regulation (FR) was the least harmful for the battery, with an expected lifetime of 12 years, while peak shaving (PS) resulted in an expected lifetime of 8 years. The combined cycle (FRPS) accelerated the capacity loss, and degradation of the positive electrode was induced from the start of cycling, causing power limitations after only 870 equivalent full cycles (EFC). Tracking the 1C-rate discharge capacity was proven to be a good indication of the accelerated cell polarization, and it can serve as a useful method to evaluate the internal battery state of health (SOH).

Keywords: stationary energy storage; lithium-ion batteries; multi-service application; lifetime; degradation mechanisms (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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