Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Overview on Protocols, Architectures, Technologies, Simulation Tools, and Future Directions

Mohammad Mansour, Amal Gamal, Ahmed I. Ahmed, Lobna A. Said, Abdelmoniem Elbaz, Norbert Herencsar () and Ahmed Soltan
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Mohammad Mansour: Nanoelectronics Integrated Systems Center (NISC), Nile University, Giza 12588, Egypt
Amal Gamal: Nanoelectronics Integrated Systems Center (NISC), Nile University, Giza 12588, Egypt
Ahmed I. Ahmed: Nanoelectronics Integrated Systems Center (NISC), Nile University, Giza 12588, Egypt
Lobna A. Said: Nanoelectronics Integrated Systems Center (NISC), Nile University, Giza 12588, Egypt
Abdelmoniem Elbaz: El Sewedy Electrometer Group, Cairo 12451, Egypt
Norbert Herencsar: Department of Telecommunications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 12, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
Ahmed Soltan: Nanoelectronics Integrated Systems Center (NISC), Nile University, Giza 12588, Egypt

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 8, 1-39

Abstract: The Internet of Things (IoT) is a global network of interconnected computing, sensing, and networking devices that can exchange data and information via various network protocols. It can connect numerous smart devices thanks to recent advances in wired, wireless, and hybrid technologies. Lightweight IoT protocols can compensate for IoT devices with restricted hardware characteristics in terms of storage, Central Processing Unit (CPU), energy, etc. Hence, it is critical to identify the optimal communication protocol for system architects. This necessitates an evaluation of next-generation networks with improved characteristics for connectivity. This paper highlights significant wireless and wired IoT technologies and their applications, offering a new categorization for conventional IoT network protocols. It provides an in-depth analysis of IoT communication protocols with detailed technical information about their stacks, limitations, and applications. The study further compares industrial IoT-compliant devices and software simulation tools. Finally, the study provides a summary of the current challenges, along with a broad overview of the future directions to tackle the challenges, in the next IoT generation. This study aims to provide a comprehensive primer on IoT concepts, protocols, and future insights that academics and professionals can use in various contexts.

Keywords: Internet of Things; communication protocols; application layer protocols; network simulation tools; IoT comparison; IoT hardware; IoT challenges; hybrid IoT protocols (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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