Investigating the Potential of Nuclear Energy in Achieving a Carbon-Free Energy Future

Jānis Krūmiņš () and Māris Kļaviņš
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Jānis Krūmiņš: Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of Latvia, Raiņa Blvd. 19, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia
Māris Kļaviņš: Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of Latvia, Raiņa Blvd. 19, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 9, 1-31

Abstract: This scientific paper discusses the importance of reducing greenhouse gas emissions to mitigate the effects of climate change. The proposed strategy is to reach net-zero emissions by transitioning to electric systems powered by low-carbon sources such as wind, solar, hydroelectric power, and nuclear energy. However, the paper also highlights the challenges of this transition, including high costs and lack of infrastructure. The paper emphasizes the need for continued research and investment in renewable energy technology and infrastructure to overcome these challenges and achieve a sustainable energy system. Additionally, the use of nuclear energy raises concerns, such as nuclear waste and proliferation, and should be considered with its benefits and drawbacks. The study assesses the feasibility of nuclear energy development in Latvia, a country in Northern Europe, and finds that Latvia is a suitable location for nuclear power facilities due to potential energy independence, low-carbon energy production, reliability, and economic benefits. The study also discusses methods of calculating electricity generation and consumption, such as measuring MWh produced by power plants, and balancing supply and demand within the country. Furthermore, the study assesses the safety of nuclear reactors, generated waste, and options for nuclear waste recycling. The transition to a carbon-free energy system is ongoing and complex, requiring multiple strategies to accelerate the transition. While the paper proposes that nuclear energy could be a practical means of supporting and backing up electricity generated by renewables, it should be noted that there are still challenges to be addressed. Some of the results presented in the paper are still based on studies, and the post-treatment of waste needs to be further clarified.

Keywords: decarbonization; carbon-neutral energy; power generation; nuclear power; sustainable energy; small modular reactor (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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