High Heat Flux Testing of Graded W-Steel Joining Concepts for the First Wall

Vishnu Ganesh (), Daniel Dorow-Gerspach (), Martin Bram, Christian Linsmeier, Jiri Matejicek and Monika Vilemova
Additional contact information
Vishnu Ganesh: Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung, 52425 Jülich, Germany
Daniel Dorow-Gerspach: Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung, 52425 Jülich, Germany
Martin Bram: Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung, 52425 Jülich, Germany
Christian Linsmeier: Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung, 52425 Jülich, Germany
Jiri Matejicek: Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague, Czech Republic
Monika Vilemova: Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague, Czech Republic

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 9, 1-12

Abstract: The realization of the first wall (FW), which is composed of a protective tungsten (W) armor covering the structural steel material, is a critical challenge in the development of future fusion reactors. Due to the different coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) of W and steel, the direct joining of them results in cyclic thermal stress at their bonding seam during the operation of the fusion reactor. To address this issue, this study benchmarks two joining concepts. The first concept uses an atmospheric plasma sprayed graded interlayer composed of W/steel composites with a varying content of W and steel to gradually change the CTE. The second concept uses a spark plasma sintered graded interlayer. Furthermore, in order to benchmark these concepts, a directly bonded W-steel reference joint as well as a W-steel joint featuring a vanadium interlayer were also tested. These joints were tested under steady-state high heat flux cyclic loading, starting from a heat flux of 1 MW/m 2 up to 4.5 MW/m 2 , with stepwise increments of 0.5 MW/m 2 . At each heat flux level, 200 thermal cycles were performed. The joints featuring a sintered graded interlayer survived only until 1.5 MW/m 2 of loading, while the joint featuring plasma sprayed graded interlayer and V interlayer survived until 3 MW/m 2 .

Keywords: W-steel; functionally graded material (FGM); high heat flux (HHF); atmospheric plasma spraying (APS); spark plasma sintering (SPS) (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/9/3664/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/9/3664/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:9:p:3664-:d:1131784

Access Statistics for this article

Energies is currently edited by Ms. Agatha Cao

More articles in Energies from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().