Environmental Degradation by Energy–Economic Growth Interlinkages in EU Agriculture

Eleni Zafeiriou, Spyridon Galatsidas (), Garyfallos Arabatzis, Stavros Tsiantikoudis and Athanasios Batzios
Additional contact information
Eleni Zafeiriou: School of Agricultural Development, Faculty of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, GR-68200 Orestiada, Greece
Spyridon Galatsidas: School of Forestry and Management of the Environment and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, GR-68200 Orestiada, Greece
Garyfallos Arabatzis: School of Forestry and Management of the Environment and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, GR-68200 Orestiada, Greece
Stavros Tsiantikoudis: School of Forestry and Management of the Environment and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, GR-68200 Orestiada, Greece
Athanasios Batzios: School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 9, 1-14

Abstract: Energy has the most significant input to agricultural production. The EU’s effort to produce a carbon-neutral economic entity necessitates changes in the energy mix used for agricultural production. Therefore, we employ different variables, in particular, the emissions generated by energy sources, namely coal, natural gas, and diesel gas and their interlinkages with the GDP share generated from agriculture. The data are annual and refer to the period 1970–2020. The ARDL methodology is the econometric tool employed. The year 1990 is identified as a statistically significant break point for all variables, while for the cointegrating equation, the year 2009 appears to play a significant role. Emissions generated by coal appear to play a vital role in the GDP share generated by agriculture and, therefore, should be the main focus of the policy measures taken. Coal should be replaced by other renewable sources or the use of technologies by farmers that improve energy efficiency in order to make the agricultural income stable and to achieve the objective of carbon-neutral agriculture in the EU.

Keywords: agricultural income; energy; EU; ARDL (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/9/3900/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/9/3900/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:9:p:3900-:d:1139700

Access Statistics for this article

Energies is currently edited by Ms. Agatha Cao

More articles in Energies from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().