State-of-the-Art Grid Stability Improvement Techniques for Electric Vehicle Fast-Charging Stations for Future Outlooks

Kabir Momoh, Shamsul Aizam Zulkifli (), Petr Korba (), Felix Rafael Segundo Sevilla, Arif Nur Afandi and Alfredo Velazquez-Ibañez
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Kabir Momoh: Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering FKEE, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Batu Pahat 86400, Malaysia
Shamsul Aizam Zulkifli: Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering FKEE, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Batu Pahat 86400, Malaysia
Petr Korba: School of Engineering, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Technikumstrasse 9, 8401 Winterthur, Switzerland
Felix Rafael Segundo Sevilla: School of Engineering, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Technikumstrasse 9, 8401 Winterthur, Switzerland
Arif Nur Afandi: Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Malang, JL. Semarang 5 Malang, Malang 65145, Indonesia
Alfredo Velazquez-Ibañez: School of Engineering, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Technikumstrasse 9, 8401 Winterthur, Switzerland

Energies, 2023, vol. 16, issue 9, 1-29

Abstract: The growing trend for electric vehicles (EVs) and fast-charging stations (FCSs) will cause the overloading of grids due to the high current injection from FCSs’ converters. The insensitive nature of the state of charge (SOC) of EV batteries during FCS operation often results in grid instability problems, such as voltage and frequency deviation at the point of common coupling (PCC). Therefore, many researchers have focused on two-stage converter control (TSCC) and single-stage converter (SSC) control for FCS stability enhancement, and suggested that SSC architectures are superior in performance, unlike the TSCC methods. However, only a few research works have focused on SSC techniques, despite the techniques’ ability to provide inertia and damping support through the virtual synchronous machine (VSM) strategy due to power decoupling and dynamic response problems. TSCC methods deploy current or voltage control for controlling EVs’ SOC battery charging through proportional-integral (PI), proportional-resonant (PR), deadbeat or proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers, but these are relegated by high current harmonics, frequency fluctuation and switching losses due to transient switching. This paper reviewed the linkage between the latest research contributions, issues associated with TSCC and SSC techniques, and the performance evaluation of the techniques, and subsequently identified the research gaps and proposed SSC control with SOC consideration for further research studies.

Keywords: electric vehicle; fast charging station; grid stability; virtual synchronous machine; battery state of charge (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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