A Review on Black-Start Service Restoration of Active Distribution Systems and Microgrids

Adel Heidari-Akhijahani and Karen L. Butler-Purry ()
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Adel Heidari-Akhijahani: Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
Karen L. Butler-Purry: Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA

Energies, 2023, vol. 17, issue 1, 1-31

Abstract: There has been a notable increase in the frequency and severity of extreme events, such as hurricanes, floods, wildfires, and storms. These events, although infrequent, have a significant disruptive effect, causing prolonged outages and compromising essential services, thereby severely affecting customers’ safety. As a result, there is an urgent requirement to enhance the resilience of distribution networks by quickly restoring the loads during and after a disaster. In this regard, this paper reviews the existing studies on black-start service restoration in active distribution systems and microgrids. A comprehensive review is conducted for each aspect of the restoration problem, encompassing various proposed methods and modeling techniques found in the existing literature. The aim of this review is to consolidate the knowledge and findings from previous studies, providing a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in the field. Also, some key research directions for the future work in this field are recommended for developing more practical and reliable methods.

Keywords: black-start restoration; distributed generators (DGs); active distribution networks; mathematical optimization; microgrids; resiliency (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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