Emissions from Light-Duty Vehicles—From Statistics to Emission Regulations and Vehicle Testing in the European Union

Wiktor Pacura (), Katarzyna Szramowiat-Sala () and Janusz Gołaś
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Wiktor Pacura: Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
Katarzyna Szramowiat-Sala: Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
Janusz Gołaś: Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland

Energies, 2023, vol. 17, issue 1, 1-42

Abstract: The article offers a comprehensive examination of vehicle emissions, with a specific focus on the European Union’s automotive industry. Its main goal is to provide an in-depth analysis of the factors influencing the emission of microcontaminants from light-duty vehicles and the challenges associated with their removal via exhaust aftertreatment systems. It presents statistical insights into the automotive sector and explores the relationships between vehicle categories, fuel types, and the emission of regulated and nonregulated pollutants, as well as relevant legal regulations such as the European Emission Standard. The article delves into the characteristics of vehicle exhaust, compares exhaust-gas aftertreatment systems, and introduces factors affecting emissions from gasoline engines, including downsizing, fuel composition, and engine operating parameters. It also considers the impact of driving style, start–stop systems, and related factors. Concluding, the article offers an overview of vehicle-testing procedures, including emission tests on dynamometer chassis and real driving emissions. With the growing global vehicle population and international environmental regulations, a focus on solid particles containing microcontaminants is paramount, as they pose significant risks to health and the environment. In summary, this article provides valuable insights into vehicle emissions, significantly contributing to our understanding of this crucial environmental issue.

Keywords: emission regulations; light-duty vehicles; European emission standards; nonregulated emission; microcontaminants (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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