A New Generation of Hydrogen-Fueled Hybrid Propulsion Systems for the Urban Mobility of the Future

Ivan Arsie, Michele Battistoni, Pier Paolo Brancaleoni, Roberto Cipollone, Enrico Corti, Davide Di Battista, Federico Millo, Alessio Occhicone, Benedetta Peiretti Paradisi (), Luciano Rolando () and Jacopo Zembi
Additional contact information
Ivan Arsie: Department of Engineering, Università degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, 80143 Naples, Italy
Michele Battistoni: Department of Engineering, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06125 Perugia, Italy
Pier Paolo Brancaleoni: Department of Industrial Engineering, Università degli Studi di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
Roberto Cipollone: Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and Economics, Università dell’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
Enrico Corti: Department of Industrial Engineering, Università degli Studi di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
Davide Di Battista: Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and Economics, Università dell’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
Federico Millo: Energy Department, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
Alessio Occhicone: Department of Engineering, Università degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, 80143 Naples, Italy
Benedetta Peiretti Paradisi: Energy Department, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
Luciano Rolando: Energy Department, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
Jacopo Zembi: Department of Engineering, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06125 Perugia, Italy

Energies, 2023, vol. 17, issue 1, 1-31

Abstract: The H2-ICE project aims at developing, through numerical simulation, a new generation of hybrid powertrains featuring a hydrogen-fueled Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) suitable for 12 m urban buses in order to provide a reliable and cost-effective solution for the abatement of both CO 2 and criteria pollutant emissions. The full exploitation of the potential of such a traction system requires a substantial enhancement of the state of the art since several issues have to be addressed. In particular, the choice of a more suitable fuel injection system and the control of the combustion process are extremely challenging. Firstly, a high-fidelity 3D-CFD model will be exploited to analyze the in-cylinder H2 fuel injection through supersonic flows. Then, after the optimization of the injection and combustion process, a 1D model of the whole engine system will be built and calibrated, allowing the identification of a “sweet spot” in the ultra-lean combustion region, characterized by extremely low NOx emissions and, at the same time, high combustion efficiencies. Moreover, to further enhance the engine efficiency well above 40%, different Waste Heat Recovery (WHR) systems will be carefully scrutinized, including both Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)-based recovery units as well as electric turbo-compounding. A Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) aftertreatment system will be developed to further reduce NOx emissions to near-zero levels. Finally, a dedicated torque-based control strategy for the ICE coupled with the Energy Management Systems (EMSs) of the hybrid powertrain, both optimized by exploiting Vehicle-To-Everything (V2X) connection, allows targeting H2 consumption of 0.1 kg/km. Technologies developed in the H2-ICE project will enhance the know-how necessary to design and build engines and aftertreatment systems for the efficient exploitation of H2 as a fuel, as well as for their integration into hybrid powertrains.

Keywords: hydrogen; H2-ICE; decarbonization; public transport (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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