Biodiesel from Bark and Black Liquor—A Techno-Economic, Social, and Environmental Assessment

Julia Hansson (), Sofia Klugman, Tomas Lönnqvist, Nilay Elginoz, Julia Granacher, Pavinee Hasselberg, Fredrik Hedman, Nora Efraimsson, Sofie Johnsson, Sofia Poulikidou, Sahar Safarian and Kåre Tjus
Additional contact information
Julia Hansson: Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Maritime Environmental Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Hörselgången 4, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
Sofia Klugman: IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Valhallavägen 81, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
Tomas Lönnqvist: IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Valhallavägen 81, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
Nilay Elginoz: IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Valhallavägen 81, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
Julia Granacher: Industrial Process and Energy Systems Engineering (IPESE), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1951 Sion, Switzerland
Pavinee Hasselberg: IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Aschebergsgatan 44, 411 33 Gothenburg, Sweden
Fredrik Hedman: IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Valhallavägen 81, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
Nora Efraimsson: IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Aschebergsgatan 44, 411 33 Gothenburg, Sweden
Sofie Johnsson: IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Aschebergsgatan 44, 411 33 Gothenburg, Sweden
Sofia Poulikidou: IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Aschebergsgatan 44, 411 33 Gothenburg, Sweden
Sahar Safarian: IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Aschebergsgatan 44, 411 33 Gothenburg, Sweden
Kåre Tjus: IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Valhallavägen 81, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden

Energies, 2023, vol. 17, issue 1, 1-22

Abstract: A techno-economic assessment and environmental and social sustainability assessments of novel Fischer–Tropsch (FT) biodiesel production from the wet and dry gasification of biomass-based residue streams (bark and black liquor from pulp production) for transport applications are presented. A typical French kraft pulp mill serves as the reference case and large-scale biofuel-production-process integration is explored. Relatively low greenhouse gas emission levels can be obtained for the FT biodiesel (total span: 16–83 g CO 2 eq/MJ in the assessed EU countries). Actual process configuration and low-carbon electricity are critical for overall performance. The site-specific social assessment indicates an overall positive social effect for local community, value chain actors, and society. Important social aspects include (i) job creation potential, (ii) economic development through job creation and new business opportunities, and (iii) health and safety for workers. For social risks, the country of implementation is important. Heat and electricity use are the key contributors to social impacts. The estimated production cost for biobased crude oil is about 13 €/GJ, and it is 14 €/GJ (0.47 €/L or 50 €/MWh) for the FT biodiesel. However, there are uncertainties, i.e., due to the low technology readiness level of the gasification technologies, especially wet gasification. However, the studied concept may provide substantial GHG reduction compared to fossil diesel at a relatively low cost.

Keywords: biofuel; gasification; pulp; bark; black liquor; techno-economic assessment; life cycle assessment; social impacts; Fischer–Tropsch diesel (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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