Coordinated Control of Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzers and Alkaline Electrolyzers for a Wind-to-Hydrogen Islanded Microgrid

Zhanfei Li, Zhenghong Tu, Zhongkai Yi and Ying Xu ()
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Zhanfei Li: School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
Zhenghong Tu: School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
Zhongkai Yi: School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
Ying Xu: School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 10, 1-14

Abstract: In recent years, the development of hydrogen energy has been widely discussed, particularly in combination with renewable energy sources, enabling the production of “green” hydrogen. With the significant increase in wind power generation, a promising solution for obtaining green hydrogen is the development of wind-to-hydrogen (W2H) systems. However, the high proportion of wind power and electrolyzers in a large-scale W2H system will bring about the problem of renewable energy consumption and frequency stability reduction. This paper analyzes the operational characteristics and economic feasibility of mainstream electrolyzers, leading to the proposal of a coordinated hydrogen production scheme involving both a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer and an alkaline (ALK) electrolyzer. Subsequently, a coordinated control based on Model Predictive Control (MPC) is proposed for system frequency regulation in a large-scale W2H islanded microgrid. Finally, simulation results demonstrate that the system under PEM/ALK electrolyzers coordinated control not only flexibly accommodates fluctuating wind power but also maintains frequency stability in the face of large disturbances. Compared with the traditional system with all ALK electrolyzers, the frequency deviation of this system is reduced by 25%, the regulation time is shortened by 80%, and the demand for an energy storage system (ESS) is reduced. The result validates the effectiveness of MPC and the benefits of the PEM/ALK electrolyzers coordinated hydrogen production scheme.

Keywords: proton exchange membrane electrolyzer; alkaline electrolyzer; wind-to-hydrogen; coordinated control; frequency regulation; model predictive control (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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