Reviewing Control Paradigms and Emerging Trends of Grid-Forming Inverters—A Comparative Study

Khaliqur Rahman (), Jun Hashimoto, Dai Orihara, Taha Selim Ustun, Kenji Otani, Hiroshi Kikusato and Yasuhiro Kodama
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Khaliqur Rahman: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Fukushima Renewable Energy Research Institute, Koriyama 963-0298, Japan
Jun Hashimoto: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Fukushima Renewable Energy Research Institute, Koriyama 963-0298, Japan
Dai Orihara: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Fukushima Renewable Energy Research Institute, Koriyama 963-0298, Japan
Taha Selim Ustun: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Fukushima Renewable Energy Research Institute, Koriyama 963-0298, Japan
Kenji Otani: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Fukushima Renewable Energy Research Institute, Koriyama 963-0298, Japan
Hiroshi Kikusato: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Fukushima Renewable Energy Research Institute, Koriyama 963-0298, Japan
Yasuhiro Kodama: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Fukushima Renewable Energy Research Institute, Koriyama 963-0298, Japan

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 10, 1-25

Abstract: Grid-forming inverters (GFMs) have emerged as crucial components in modern power systems, facilitating the integration of renewable energy sources and enhancing grid stability. The significance of GFMs lies in their ability to autonomously establish grid voltage and frequency, enabling grids to form and improve system flexibility. Discussing control methods for grid-forming inverters is paramount due to their crucial role in shaping grid dynamics and ensuring reliable power delivery. This paper explores the fundamental and advanced control methods employed by GFMs, explaining their operational principles and performance characteristics. Basic control methods typically involve droop control, voltage and frequency regulation, and power-balancing techniques to maintain grid stability under varying operating conditions. Advanced control strategies encompass predictive control, model predictive control (MPC), and adaptive control, which influence advanced algorithms and real-time data for enhanced system responsiveness and efficiency. A detailed analysis and performance comparison of different control methods for GFM is presented, highlighting their strengths, limitations, and suitability for diverse grid environments. Through comprehensive studies, this research interprets the ability of various control strategies to mitigate grid disturbances, optimize power flow, and enhance overall system stability.

Keywords: grid-following inverter; grid-forming inverter; frequency and voltage control; virtual synchronous generator; synchronverter (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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