Research on Quantitative Diagnosis of Dendrites Based on Titration Gas Chromatography Technology

Kai Yang, Hongchang Cai, Suran Li, Yu Wang, Xue Zhang, Zhenxuan Wu, Yilin Lai, Minella Bezha, Klara Bezha, Naoto Nagaoka, Yuejiu Zheng () and Xuning Feng
Additional contact information
Kai Yang: China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing 100192, China
Hongchang Cai: State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Suran Li: State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Yu Wang: State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Xue Zhang: State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Zhenxuan Wu: State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Yilin Lai: China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing 100192, China
Minella Bezha: International Infrastructure System Research Center, Power System Analysis Laboratory, Doshisha University, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
Klara Bezha: Graduate School of Science and Engineering, IIST, Intelligent Robotics Laboratory, Hosei University, Tokyo 184-8584, Japan
Naoto Nagaoka: International Infrastructure System Research Center, Power System Analysis Laboratory, Doshisha University, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
Yuejiu Zheng: State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Xuning Feng: State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 10, 1-19

Abstract: Lithium plating can cause capacity fade and thermal runaway safety issues in lithium-ion batteries. Therefore, accurately detecting the amount of lithium plating on the surface of the battery’s negative electrode is crucial for battery safety. This is especially crucial in high-energy-density applications such as battery energy storage systems or in electric vehicles (EVs). Early detection of lithium plating is crucial for evaluation of reliability and longevity. It also serves as a method for early diagnostics in practical industrial applications or infrastructure, such as EV transportation. This can enhance its impact on customers. This study validates the effectiveness of titration gas chromatography (TGC) technology in quantitatively detecting lithium plating on graphite negative electrodes in lithium-ion batteries. The results show that it can detect a minimum of 2.4 μmol of metallic lithium. Compared with the heating direct current resistance and reference electrode methods, which can be used to perform only qualitative dendrite detection, TGC has a wider range of detection. Compared with the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method with higher quantitative detection accuracy, the maximum difference between the detection results of the two methods was only 7.2%, but the TGC method had lower cost and higher implementation convenience. In summary, among various dendrite detection methods, the TGC method can not only realize the effective quantitative detection of lithium plating, but also comprehensively consider its detection range, implementation convenience, cost, and detection accuracy, indicating that it is suitable for engineering applications and has the prospect of realizing large-scale quantitative detection of lithium plating in lithium-ion batteries.

Keywords: lithium-ion battery; quantitative detection of lithium plating; heating DC resistance; reference electrode; titration gas chromatography; nuclear magnetic resonance (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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