Export Constraints Applicable to Renewable Generation to Enhance Grid Hosting Capacity

Evangelos S. Chatzistylianos (), Georgios N. Psarros () and Stavros A. Papathanassiou
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Evangelos S. Chatzistylianos: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Zografou Campus, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 9, Iroon Polytechniou Str., 15780 Athens, Greece
Georgios N. Psarros: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Zografou Campus, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 9, Iroon Polytechniou Str., 15780 Athens, Greece
Stavros A. Papathanassiou: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Zografou Campus, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 9, Iroon Polytechniou Str., 15780 Athens, Greece

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 11, 1-30

Abstract: This paper investigates grid export constraints applicable to photovoltaic (PV) and wind farm (WF) installations, both with and without behind-the-meter storage, aimed at enhancing grid hosting capacity. The study focuses on static output power limitations, i.e., simple export constraints that are preventively imposed on renewable energy source (RES) plants regardless of the prevailing network congestion conditions. These constraints are easy to apply, implemented ex ante and out of market, and do not require additional investments in energy storage or advanced devices. They also yield a measurable increase in hosting capacity and grid utilization, with their impact on RES plant operation and return of investment straightforwardly calculable. Analysis defines the level and shape of these constraints assuming an indicative acceptable curtailment level of 5% for each RES technology attributed to the preventing action of the imposed limitations, while the respective implications for RES energy yield and investment viability are explored. The findings indicate that an export power limitation of ca. 68% is effective for stand-alone PVs, while a stepwise static limitation is necessary for stand-alone WFs and WFs with integrated storage to manage midday solar generation peaks. PV plants tightly coupled with storage facilities can handle static limitations as low as 35% with minimal impact on the economic feasibility of the investments.

Keywords: PV; wind; behind-the-meter storage; output power limitations; grid congestion; hosting capacity (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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