Uncalcined Zn/Al Carbonate LDH and Its Calcined Counterpart for Treating the Wastewater Containing Anionic Congo Red Dye

Kuppusamy Manjula Rani (), Pachagoundanpalayam Nachimuthugounder Palanisamy, Vennila Nagamuthu Kowshalya, Ayyasamy Tamilvanan, Rajendran Prabakaran () and Sung Chul Kim ()
Additional contact information
Kuppusamy Manjula Rani: Department of Chemistry, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Erode 638060, Tamil Nadu, India
Pachagoundanpalayam Nachimuthugounder Palanisamy: Department of Chemistry, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Erode 638060, Tamil Nadu, India
Vennila Nagamuthu Kowshalya: Department of Chemistry, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Erode 638060, Tamil Nadu, India
Ayyasamy Tamilvanan: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Erode 638060, Tamil Nadu, India
Rajendran Prabakaran: School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 712-749, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
Sung Chul Kim: School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 712-749, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 11, 1-23

Abstract: In this investigation, Zn/Al carbonate layered double hydroxide (ZAC-LDH) and its derived material on calcination were synthesized for removing the anionic azo dye Congo red (CR) from wastewater. Numerous factors were methodically investigated, including temperature, adsorbent dosage, pH, starting Dye Concentration (DC), and contact time. The CR elimination percentage dropped as the initial DC increased from 25 mg/L to 100 mg/L at 30 °C for uncalcined LDH, and from 97.96% to 89.25% for calcined LDH. The pH analysis indicates that the highest level of dye removal was recorded within the acidic pH range through the electrostatic attraction mechanism. The sorption kinetics analysis results demonstrated that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model exhibited a stronger fit to both uncalcined LDH and CZA-LDH, with the maximum correlation coefficient value. The Van’t Hoff plots indicate the spontaneous nature of the physisorption process with a negative ΔG° (<−20 kJ/mol), while the endothermic adsorption process exhibited a positive ΔH°. The X-ray diffraction of calcined LDH reveals a significant intercalation of CR dye molecules, both prior to and following adsorption, showcasing a distinctive memory effect. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) gas sorption measurements were performed to support the mesoporous nature of ZAC-LDH and CZA-LDH. The FTIR spectrum confirms the interaction of dye molecules on the surface of uncalcined and calcined LDH. These findings emphasize the efficacy of both the synthesized LDHs in removing CR dye, with CZA-LDH demonstrating superior efficiency compared to uncalcined LDH in the context of CR removal from wastewater.

Keywords: Congo red dye; Langmuir separation factor; layered double hydroxide; kinetics; memory effect; thermodynamics (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/11/2698/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/11/2698/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:11:p:2698-:d:1407363

Access Statistics for this article

Energies is currently edited by Ms. Agatha Cao

More articles in Energies from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().