Processing Orchard Grass into Carbon Bio Pellets via Hydrothermal Carbonisation—A Case Study Analysis

Zygmunt Kowalski and Agnieszka Makara ()
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Zygmunt Kowalski: Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-261 Kraków, Poland
Agnieszka Makara: Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, 31-155 Kraków, Poland

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 12, 1-15

Abstract: The presented case study evaluates the environmental and economic effects of carbon bio pellet production from orchard grass by Farmutil HS Inc. through the hydrothermal carbonisation method, using obtained biofuel as a substitute for natural gas for heat production. Hydrothermal carbonisation is a zero-waste technology that produces renewable bioenergy by substituting fossil fuels for non-renewable resources. Processing 60,000 t/y of orchard grass with this method resulted in a total amount of heat production of 456,780 GJ/y. This means that over 60% of the energy produced from natural gas could be substituted by renewable bioenergy. It is also very important that the estimated cost of heat produced from carbon bio pellets is 29% lower in comparison to the cost of heat produced from natural gas

Keywords: orchards grass; bio pellets; hydrothermal carbonisation; biomass; renewable energy (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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