Single-Stage MV-Connected Charger Using an Ac/Ac Modular Multilevel Converter

Ygor Pereira Marca, Maurice G. L. Roes (), Cornelis G. E. Wijnands, Jorge L. Duarte and Henk Huisman
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Ygor Pereira Marca: Electromechanics and Power Electronics Group, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
Maurice G. L. Roes: Electromechanics and Power Electronics Group, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
Cornelis G. E. Wijnands: Electromechanics and Power Electronics Group, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
Jorge L. Duarte: Electromechanics and Power Electronics Group, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
Henk Huisman: Electromechanics and Power Electronics Group, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 12, 1-23

Abstract: Modular multilevel converters with non-sinusoidal ac voltage output can reduce cost and volume in medium-voltage-connected electric vehicle battery charging applications. The use of full-bridge submodules in such converters enables single-stage ac/ac voltage conversion, allowing a medium-voltage grid to be directly connected to a medium-frequency isolation transformer. The application of a square wave voltage at the medium-frequency transformer’s single-phase port enhances the converter’s efficiency and power density in comparison to a sinusoidal voltage. This paper presents the analysis and modelling of a modular multilevel converter, comparing its operation with sinusoidal and square wave output voltages. A single control scheme for both output voltage waveforms is proposed for the three-phase and single-phase ac currents, circulating currents, and the energy stored in the submodule capacitors. The control strategy of the three-phase and single-phase port currents is verified through simulation and experiments using a scaled-down prototype, thereby validating its suitability for high-power bidirectional battery chargers.

Keywords: ac/ac converters; batteries; bidirectional; chargers; current control; electric vehicles; full-bridge submodules; high-power; medium-frequency transformer (MFT); medium-voltage (MV); modular multilevel converters (MMCs) (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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