Heat Pumps for Germany—Additional Pressure on the Supply–Demand Equilibrium and How to Cope with Hydrogen

Andreas von Döllen and Stephan Schlüter ()
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Andreas von Döllen: Wintershall Dea, Friedrich-Ebert-Straße 160, 34119 Kassel, Germany
Stephan Schlüter: Institute of Energy Engineering and Energy Economics, Ulm University of Applied Sciences, 89075 Ulm, Germany

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 12, 1-20

Abstract: In the context of the German Energiewende, the current government intends to install six million heat pumps by 2030. Replacing gas heating by power has significant implications on the infrastructure. One of the biggest advantages of using gas is the existing storage portfolio. It has not been clarified yet how power demand should be structured on an annual level—especially since power storage is already a problem and solar power is widely promoted to fuel heat pumps, despite having an inverse profile. In this article, three different solutions, namely, hydrogen, batteries, and carbon capture and storage, are discussed with respect to resources, energy, and financial demand. It shows that relying solely on batteries or hydrogen is not solving the structuring problem. A combination of all existing technologies (including fossil fuels) is required to structure the newly generated electricity demand.

Keywords: hydrogen; heat pumps; renewable energy; battery storage; carbon capture and storage (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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