Wireless Battery Management Systems: Innovations, Challenges, and Future Perspectives

Zhi Cao, Wei Gao, Yuhong Fu and Chris Mi ()
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Zhi Cao: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
Wei Gao: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
Yuhong Fu: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
Chris Mi: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 13, 1-24

Abstract: With the growing adoption of battery energy storage systems in renewable energy sources, electric vehicles (EVs), and portable electronic devices, the effective management of battery systems has become increasingly critical. The advent of wireless battery management systems (wBMSs) represents a significant innovation in battery management technology. Traditional wired battery management systems (BMSs) face challenges, including complexity, increased weight, maintenance difficulties, and a higher chance of connection failure. In contrast, wBMSs offer a robust solution, eliminating physical connections. wBMSs offer enhanced flexibility, reduced packaging complexity, and improved reliability. Given that wBMSs are still in a preliminary stage, this review paper explores their evolution, current state, and future directions. A comprehensive survey of state-of-the-art wBMS technologies, including academic and commercial solutions, is elaborated in this paper. We compare wireless communication technologies like Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), Zigbee, Near-Field Communication (NFC), Wi-Fi, and cellular networks in the context of wBMSs. We discuss their performance in terms of efficiency, reliability, scalability, and security. Despite its promising outlook, wBMSs still face challenges such as data security, signal interference, regulatory and standardization issues, and competition from the continued advancement of wired BMS technologies, making the advantages of wBMSs less evident. This paper concludes with guidelines for future research and development of wBMSs, aiming to address these challenges and pave the way for a broad adoption of wBMSs across various applications. This paper aims to inspire further research and innovation in the field, contributing to developing an industry-ready wBMS.

Keywords: wireless battery management system (wBMS); Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE); Zigbee; Near-Field Communication (NFC); Wi-Fi; cellular network; energy storage systems; battery management systems (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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