Rational Design of Electrolyte Additives for Improved Solid Electrolyte Interphase Formation on Graphite Anodes: A Study of 1,3,6-Hexanetrinitrile

Hangning Liu, Lin Wang, Yi Cao, Yingjun Ma, Shan Wang, Jie Wang () and Haidong Liu ()
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Hangning Liu: College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
Lin Wang: College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
Yi Cao: College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
Yingjun Ma: College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
Shan Wang: College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
Jie Wang: College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
Haidong Liu: Department of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 13, 1-11

Abstract: The construction of a thin, uniform, and robust solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film on the surface of active materials is pivotal for enhancing the overall performance of lithium-ion batteries (LiBs). However, conventional electrolytes often fail to achieve the desired SEI characteristics. In this work, we introduced 1,3,6-hexanetrinitrile (HTCN) in the baseline electrolyte (BE) of 1.0 M LiPF 6 in Ethylene Carbonate/Dimethyl Carbonate (EC/DMC) (3:7 by volume) with 5 wt.% fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), denoted as BE-FH. By systematically investigating the influence of FEC: HTCN weight ratios on the electrochemical performance of graphite anodes, we identified an optimal composition (FEC:HTCN = 5:4 by weight, denoted as BE-FH54) that demonstrated greatly improved initial Coulombic efficiency, rate capability, and cycling stability compared with the baseline electrolyte. Deviations from the optimal FEC:HTCN ratio resulted in the formation of either small cracks or excessively thick SEI layers. The enhanced performance of BE-FH54-based LiB is mainly ascribed to the synergistic effect of FEC and HTCN in forming a robust, thin, homogeneous, and ion-conducting SEI. This research highlights the importance of rational electrolyte design in enhancing the electrochemical performance of graphite anodes in LiBs and provides insights into the role of nitrile-based additives in modulating the SEI properties.

Keywords: solid electrolyte interphase; lithium-ion battery; 1,3,6-hexanetrinitrile; graphite electrode; performance (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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