Powering the Future: Advanced Battery Management Systems (BMS) for Electric Vehicles

T. N. V. Krishna (), Seelam V. S. V. Prabhu Deva Kumar, Sunkara Srinivasa Rao and Liuchen Chang
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T. N. V. Krishna: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Brunswick, 15 Dineen Drive, Head Hall, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
Seelam V. S. V. Prabhu Deva Kumar: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
Sunkara Srinivasa Rao: Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Bowrampet, Hyderabad 500043, Telangana, India
Liuchen Chang: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Brunswick, 15 Dineen Drive, Head Hall, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 14, 1-18

Abstract: This paper introduces a novel approach for rapidly balancing lithium-ion batteries using a single DC–DC converter, enabling direct energy transfer between high- and low-voltage cells. Utilizing relays for cell pair selection ensures cost-effectiveness in the switch network. The control system integrates a battery-monitoring IC and an MCU to oversee cell voltage and ensure battery protection. A prototype circuit with twelve lithium-ion batteries demonstrates the method’s efficacy, achieving a remarkable balancing time of 48 min during charging with a maximum efficiency of 89.85%. Comparative analysis with other methods underscores the superior performance of the proposed balancing circuit in terms of balancing time and implementation cost. Furthermore, this paper delves into hardware aspects of battery management systems (BMSs) for electric vehicles and stationary applications. It offers an overview of prevailing concepts in state-of-the-art systems, aiding readers in assessing considerations essential for BMS design in various applications. The discussion includes examples of battery packs sourced from commercially available electric vehicles. Subsequently, the manuscript addresses implementation aspects concerning the measurement of critical physical variables such as voltage, current, and temperature, alongside balancing strategies.

Keywords: battery management system (BMS); cell balancing; DC–DC converter; MCU (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

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