Enhancing the Properties of Nanostructure TiO 2 Thin Film via Calcination Temperature for Solar Cell Application

Nurliyana Mohamad Arifin, Ervina Efzan Mhd Noor (), Fariza Mohamad, Norhidayah Mohamad and Nur Haslinda Mohamed Muzni
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Nurliyana Mohamad Arifin: Centre for Manufacturing and Environmental Sustainability (CMES), Multimedia University, Bukit Beruang 75450, Melaka, Malaysia
Ervina Efzan Mhd Noor: Centre for Manufacturing and Environmental Sustainability (CMES), Multimedia University, Bukit Beruang 75450, Melaka, Malaysia
Fariza Mohamad: Faculty of Electric and Electronic Engineering, University of Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja 86400, Batu Pahat Johor, Malaysia
Norhidayah Mohamad: Centre for Manufacturing and Environmental Sustainability (CMES), Multimedia University, Bukit Beruang 75450, Melaka, Malaysia
Nur Haslinda Mohamed Muzni: Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Multimedia University, Bukit Beruang 75450, Melaka, Malaysia

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 14, 1-13

Abstract: In this study, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) was deposited onto a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate using the sol–gel spin coating method. Through the implementation of calcination treatment on the thin film, enhancements were observed in terms of structural, optical, and morphological properties. Various calcination temperatures were explored, with TiO 2 annealed at 600 °C identified as the optimal sample. Analysis of the X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) pattern revealed the prominent orientation plane of (101), indicating the presence of anatase TiO 2 with a tetragonal pattern at this temperature. Despite fluctuations in the optical spectrum, the highest transmittance of 80% was observed in the visible region within the wavelength range of 400 nm. The estimated band-gap value of 3.45 eV reaffirmed the characteristic of TiO 2 . Surface analysis indicated the homogeneous growth of TiO 2 , uniformly covering the FTO substrate. Cross-sectional examination revealed a thickness of 263 nm with dense and compact nature of TiO 2 thin film. No presence of defects or pores reflects a well-organized structure and high-quality formation. Significant electrical rectification properties were observed, indicating the successful formation of a p–n junction. In summary, calcination treatment was found to be crucial for enhancing the properties of the thin film, highlighting its significance in the development of solar cell applications.

Keywords: thin film; titanium dioxide; calcination temperature; spin coating; solar cell (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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