Analysis of the Energy–Carbon Potential of the Pericarp Cover of Selected Hazelnut Varieties

Anna Borkowska, Kamila E. Klimek, Grzegorz Maj () and Magdalena Kapłan
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Anna Borkowska: Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
Kamila E. Klimek: Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
Grzegorz Maj: Department of Power Engineering and Transportation, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
Magdalena Kapłan: Institute of Horticulture Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 16, 1-16

Abstract: The research presents weight estimation and analysis of the energy and carbon potential of the pericarp cover of four hazelnut varieties. A technical and elementary biofuel analysis was carried out for the biomass studied, as well as a correlation and principal component analysis to demonstrate the influence of individual characteristics on the parameters achieved. In addition, emission factors and the composition and volume of flue gases from the combustion of the material studied were estimated based on stoichiometric equations. The research showed that the highest calorific value (LHV) was characterised by the pericarp cover of the ‘Olga’ variety (14.86 MJ·kg −1 ) and the lowest by the ‘Kataloński’ variety (14.60 MJ·kg −1 ). In the case of exhaust volume, the highest volume was obtained from the ‘Olbrzymi z Halle’ variety (250.06 Nm 3 ·kg −1 ) and the lowest from the ‘Kataloński’ variety (12.43 Nm 3 ·kg −1 ). The correlation analysis carried out showed that the HHV and LHV parameters in the covers showed a very strong positive correlation with sulphur content and SO 2 emissions, and a moderate correlation with nitrogen content and its associated NO x emissions, indicating their direct influence on the higher calorific value of biomass.

Keywords: horticultural waste; Corylus avellana; pericarp cover; energy potential; emissions (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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