Enhancing Load Frequency Control of Interconnected Power System Using Hybrid PSO-AHA Optimizer

Waqar Younis (), Muhammad Zubair Yameen, Abu Tayab, Hafiz Ghulam Murtza Qamar, Ehab Ghith and Mehdi Tlija
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Waqar Younis: School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
Muhammad Zubair Yameen: School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
Abu Tayab: School of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
Hafiz Ghulam Murtza Qamar: School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
Ehab Ghith: Department of Mechatronics, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
Mehdi Tlija: Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 16, 1-40

Abstract: The integration of nonconventional energy sources such as solar, wind, and fuel cells into electrical power networks introduces significant challenges in maintaining frequency stability and consistent tie-line power flows. These fluctuations can adversely affect the quality and reliability of power supplied to consumers. This paper addresses this issue by proposing a Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) controller optimized through a hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization–Artificial Hummingbird Algorithm (PSO-AHA) approach. The PID controller is tuned using the Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE) as a fitness function to enhance control performance. The PSO-AHA-PID controller’s effectiveness is evaluated in two networks: a two-area thermal tie-line interconnected power system (IPS) and a one-area multi-source power network incorporating thermal, solar, wind, and fuel cell sources. Comparative analyses under various operational conditions, including parameter variations and load changes, demonstrate the superior performance of the PSO-AHA-PID controller over the conventional PSO-PID controller. Statistical results indicate that in the one-area multi-source network, the PSO-AHA-PID controller achieves a 76.6% reduction in overshoot, an 88.9% reduction in undershoot, and a 97.5% reduction in settling time compared to the PSO-PID controller. In the dual-area system, the PSO-AHA-PID controller reduces the overshoot by 75.2%, reduces the undershoot by 85.7%, and improves the fall time by 71.6%. These improvements provide a robust and reliable solution for enhancing the stability of interconnected power systems in the presence of diverse and variable energy sources.

Keywords: double-area power network; PSO; AHA; PID controller; LFC; ITAE (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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