Recycling and Reuse of Mn-Based Spinel Electrode from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Arjun K. Thapa (), Abhinav C. Nouduri, Mohammed Mohiuddin, Hari Prasad Reddy Kannapu, Lihui Bai, Hui Wang () and Mahendra K. Sunkara ()
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Arjun K. Thapa: Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
Abhinav C. Nouduri: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
Mohammed Mohiuddin: Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
Hari Prasad Reddy Kannapu: Advance Energy Materials LLC, Louisville, KY 40208, USA
Lihui Bai: Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
Hui Wang: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
Mahendra K. Sunkara: Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 16, 1-13

Abstract: In this paper, we introduce an environmentally friendly approach to recycle used batteries and recover highly valuable manganese-based cathode materials. This study demonstrates the feasibility of fast plasma pyrolysis to recover LiMn 2 O 4 electrode materials (e.g., lithium manganese oxide, LMO) and demonstrate their reuse in newly assembled Li-ion cells. The electrochemical performance of as-recycled cathodes shows an initial discharge capacity of 72 mAh/g and is stable for 100 cycles at 0.1 C. After adding 20 mole % of excess LiOH, the recycled LMO after relithiation at 660 °C can deliver an initial discharge capacity of 96 mAh/g and retain a decent discharge capacity of 88 mAh/g after 50 cycles at a 0.2 C rate. Without relithiation, the as-recycled LMO cathode after heating at 1000 °C delivers the best electrochemical cycling performance, including an initial discharge capacity of 94 mAh/g and 50th cycle capacity of 91 mAh/g at a 0.2 C rate. This study highlights a feasible approach for recycling electrode materials in spent LIBs. Recycling of lithium-ion batteries and especially electrode materials is crucial for the sustained growth of the lithium-ion battery industry and reduced environmental issues.

Keywords: recycling; LiMn 2 O 4; cathode materials; plasma; regeneration; Li-ion batteries (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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