Direct Sonochemical Leaching of Li, Co, Ni, and Mn from Mixed Li-Ion Batteries with Organic Acids

Joanna Willner, Agnieszka Fornalczyk (), Bernadeta Gajda, Tomasz Figlus, Adam Swieboda, Dawid Wegrzyński, Aleksander Mlonka, Bartosz Perenc and Michał Kander
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Joanna Willner: Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 2A Akademicka Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Agnieszka Fornalczyk: Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 2A Akademicka Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Bernadeta Gajda: Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Czestochowa University of Technology, 69 Dabrowskiego Street, 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland
Tomasz Figlus: Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 2A Akademicka Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Adam Swieboda: Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 2A Akademicka Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Dawid Wegrzyński: Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 2A Akademicka Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Aleksander Mlonka: Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 2A Akademicka Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Bartosz Perenc: Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 2A Akademicka Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Michał Kander: Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 2A Akademicka Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 16, 1-16

Abstract: Metals such as nickel, cobalt, lithium, and manganese are widely used in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in electronic devices and electric vehicles. It is forecast that there will be a strong increase in the number of electronic devices and electric vehicles in the coming years. (1) Background: In this paper, the application of ultrasound waves on improving Li, Co, Mn, and Ni leaching efficiency from mixed active cathode materials from different types of LIBs is presented. (2) Methods: Environmentally friendly, low-concentrated (0.75 M) organic acids (oxalic acid, citric acid) and, additionally, sulfuric acid, were used in sonochemical and chemical leaching (stirring process) at a temperature of 60 °C. (3) Results: The results showed significantly higher leaching efficiency of metals with ultrasound-assisted treatment, especially when using organic acids. An average of 50% better leaching results were obtained for Li in oxalic acid (99.6%) and for Co (93.1%) in citric acid during sonochemical leaching. (4) Conclusions: Based on the theory of hydrogen peroxide formation during ultrasound wave transition in solutions, the role of H 2 O 2 as one of the most effective reductants used to enhance cobalt, manganese, and nickel leaching from LIBs is indicated.

Keywords: lithium-ion batteries (LIBs); sonochemical and chemical leaching; recovery of Li; Mn; Co; Ni (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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