A Rule-Based Energy Management Technique Considering Altitude Energy for a Mini UAV with a Hybrid Power System Consisting of Battery and Solar Cell

Selin Engin (), Hasan Çınar and İlyas Kandemir
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Selin Engin: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
Hasan Çınar: Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Faculty of Aerospace, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42140 Konya, Turkey
İlyas Kandemir: Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Faculty of Aerospace, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 16, 1-16

Abstract: Nowadays, due to climate change and disappearance of fossil fuels, hybrid electric UAVs using renewable energy sources are being developed. In addition, although research on UAVs with a large wingspan and high weight is common due to their long endurance, research on mini UAVs has remained limited. This study aims to increase the energy capacity of solar-powered mini UAVs and thus extend their endurance by developing a fixed-wing hybrid UAV that can fly with solar energy as much as possible, especially during the cruise phase. In this study, a solar-powered mini VTOL (vertical take-off and landing) UAV with a wingspan of 1.8 m and weight of 3.3 kg is developed and a model of the system consisting of solar cells, a battery, a super capacitor, and a DC/DC converter is created in MATLAB/Simulink software (R2023b). Additionally, state machine control (SMC), a rule-based (RB) energy management strategy (EMS), has been applied to this model. While the power obtained from the sun is divided among the other energy components, the durability of the UAV is increased, and the excess energy is stored as altitude energy to be used when necessary. As a result, in this study, an energy management algorithm including altitude energy has been successfully applied to a solar-powered UAV, achieving an 11.11% energy saving.

Keywords: renewable energy; solar energy; solar-powered mini UAV; energy management strategy; state machine control; rule-based strategy (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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