Open-Source Internet of Things-Based Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System for Photovoltaic Monitoring and Control Using HTTP and TCP/IP Protocols

Wajahat Khalid, Mohsin Jamil, Ashraf Ali Khan () and Qasim Awais
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Wajahat Khalid: Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
Mohsin Jamil: Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
Ashraf Ali Khan: Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
Qasim Awais: Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 16, 1-28

Abstract: This study presents a cost-effective IoT-based Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition system for the real-time monitoring and control of photovoltaic systems in a rural Pakistani community. The system utilizes the Blynk platform with Arduino Nano, GSM SIM800L, and ESP-32 microcontrollers. The key components include a ZMPT101B voltage sensor, ACS712 current sensors, and a Maximum Power Point Tracking module for optimizing power output. The system operates over both Global System for Mobile Communications and Wi-Fi networks, employing universal asynchronous receiver–transmitter serial communication and using the transmission control protocol/Internet protocol and hypertext transfer protocol for data exchange. Testing showed that the system consumes only 3.462 W of power, making it highly efficient. With an implementation cost of CAD 35.52, it offers an affordable solution for rural areas. The system achieved an average data transmission latency of less than 2 s over Wi-Fi and less than 5 s over GSM, ensuring timely data updates and control. The Blynk 2.0 app provides data retention capabilities, allowing users to access historical data for performance analysis and optimization. This open-source SCADA system demonstrates significant potential for improving efficiency and user engagement in renewable energy management, offering a scalable solution for global applications.

Keywords: renewable energy; IoT; SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition); Arduino Nano; GSM SIM800L; ESP-32; TCP/IP (transmission control protocol/Internet protocol); HTTP (hypertext transfer protocol); UART (universal asynchronous receiver–transmitter); Blynk; Arduino IDE 1.8.19; sensors; low cost and low power (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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