Evaluating Renewable Energy’s Role in Mitigating CO 2 Emissions: A Case Study of Solar Power in Finland Using the ARDL Approach

Ionuț Nica (), Irina Georgescu and Jani Kinnunen
Additional contact information
Ionuț Nica: Department of Economic Informatics and Cybernetics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 0105552 Bucharest, Romania
Jani Kinnunen: Department of Information Systems, Åbo Akademi University, Tuomiokirkontori 3, 20500 Turku, Finland

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 16, 1-29

Abstract: This study examines Finland’s increasing investment in solar energy as part of its broader strategy to transition to renewable energy sources. Despite its northern location and limited sunlight during winter months, Finland has effectively harnessed solar power, especially during its long summer days. We conducted a PESTLE analysis, highlighting political commitment to climate agreements, economic benefits of solar energy, public support for clean energy, technological advancements, regulatory support, and environmental benefits. In addition, we applied the autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) to study the impact of GDP per capita, urbanization (URB), foreign direct investments (FDI), and the share of primary energy consumption from solar (SOL) on C O 2 emissions for Finland during 1990–2022. The long-term findings show that SOL, URB, and FDI negatively impact C O 2 emissions, while GDP positively impacts C O 2 emissions. Solar energy deployment reflects the effectiveness of solar energy as a cleaner alternative to fossil fuels. Urbanization also shows a negative impact on C O 2 emissions due to better infrastructure and more efficient energy use in urban areas. FDI suggests that investments are oriented towards sustainable technologies. Industrial activity associated with economic expansion may indicate the positive effect of GDP in C O 2 emissions. Although economic growth has typically resulted in increased emissions, strategic investments in renewable energy and sustainable urban development can greatly reduce this effect. Policy initiatives in Finland should concentrate on promoting green investments and enhancing urban planning with a focus on environmental sustainability.

Keywords: solar energy; CO 2 emissions; renewable energy; Finland autoregressive distributed lag model (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/16/4152/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/16/4152/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:16:p:4152-:d:1460500

Access Statistics for this article

Energies is currently edited by Ms. Agatha Cao

More articles in Energies from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().