Analysis of the Restoration of Distribution Substations: A Case Study of the Central–Western Division of Mexico

Carlos Sánchez-Ixta, Juan Rodrigo Vázquez-Abarca, Luis Bernardo López-Sosa () and Iman Golpour
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Carlos Sánchez-Ixta: División Centro Occidente, Distribución, Comisión Federal de Electricidad, Calzada Ventura Puente No. 1653, Colonia Electricistas, Morelia C.P. 58290, Michoacán, Mexico
Juan Rodrigo Vázquez-Abarca: División Centro Occidente, Distribución, Comisión Federal de Electricidad, Calzada Ventura Puente No. 1653, Colonia Electricistas, Morelia C.P. 58290, Michoacán, Mexico
Luis Bernardo López-Sosa: Dirección Académica, Universidad Intercultural Indígena de Michoacán, Carretera Pátzcuaro-Huecorio Km 3, Pátzcuaro C.P. 61614, Michoacán, Mexico
Iman Golpour: Department of Energy Engineering, National Distance Education University—UNED, C/Juan del Rosal 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 16, 1-17

Abstract: The studies on strategies for improving restoration times in electrical distribution systems are extensive. They have theoretically explored the application of mathematical models, the implementation of remotely controlled systems, and the use of digital simulators. This research aims to connect conceptual studies and the implementation of improvements and impact assessment in electrical distribution systems in developing countries, where distribution technologies vary widely, by employing a comprehensive methodology. The proposed research examines the restoration times for faults in substations within general distribution networks in the central–western region of Mexico. The study comprises these stages: (a) diagnosing the electrical supply, demand, and infrastructure; (b) analyzing the electrical restoration time and the restoration index of the substations; and (c) providing recommendations and implementing pilot tests for improvements in the identified critical substations. The results revealed 12 analysis zones, including 120 distribution substations, 150 power transformers, and 751 medium voltage circuits. Among the substations, 73% have ring connections, 15% have TAP connections, and 12% have radial connections. Additionally, 27% of the substations rely on only a single distribution line. The study identified areas with significant challenges in restoring electricity supply, particularly focusing on power transformers: 32 transformers with permanent power line failures requiring load transfer via medium voltage; 67 transformers requiring optimized restoration maneuvers due to specific characteristics; and 4 areas with opportunities to enhance the reliability of the power supply through remote-controlled link systems. The analysis resulted in the installation of 145 remote link systems, which improved restoration rates by over 40%. This approach is expected to be replicated throughout Mexico to identify improvements needed in the national distribution system.

Keywords: substations; electricity distribution; SAIDI; power restoration (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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