Optimal Operation of a Novel Small-Scale Power-to-Ammonia Cycle under Possible Disturbances and Fluctuations in Electricity Prices

Pascal Koschwitz (), Chiara Anfosso, Rafael Eduardo Guedéz Mata, Daria Bellotti, Leon Roß, José Angel García, Jochen Ströhle () and Bernd Epple
Additional contact information
Pascal Koschwitz: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Energy Systems and Technology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Str. 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
Chiara Anfosso: Thermochemical Power Group, Dipartimento di Macchine Sistemi Energetici e Trasporti, University of Genova, Via Montallegro 1, 16145 Genova, Italy
Rafael Eduardo Guedéz Mata: Department of Energy Technology, School of Industrial Engineering and Management, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Brinellvägen 68, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
Daria Bellotti: Thermochemical Power Group, Dipartimento di Macchine Sistemi Energetici e Trasporti, University of Genova, Via Montallegro 1, 16145 Genova, Italy
Leon Roß: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Energy Systems and Technology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Str. 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
José Angel García: Department of Energy Technology, School of Industrial Engineering and Management, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Brinellvägen 68, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
Jochen Ströhle: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Energy Systems and Technology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Str. 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
Bernd Epple: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Energy Systems and Technology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Str. 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 16, 1-24

Abstract: Power-to-Ammonia (P2A) is a promising technology that can provide a low-emission energy carrier for long-term storage. This study presents an optimization approach to a novel small-scale containerized P2A concept commissioned in 2024. A dynamic nonlinear optimization problem of the P2A concept is set up, employing the non-commercial MOSAIC ® software V3.0.1 in combination with the NEOS ® server. In total, seven optimization solvers, ANTIGONE ® , CONOPT ® , IPOPT ® , KNITRO ® , MINOS ® , PATHNLP ® , and SNOPT ® , are used. The first and main part of this work optimizes several disturbance scenarios of the concept and aims to determine the optimal reactor temperature profile to counter the disturbances. The optimization results suggest, for example, lowering the reactor temperature profile if the hydrogen and nitrogen inlet streams into the system decrease. The second part of this work presents a crude dynamic optimal scheduling model. This part aims to determine the amount of ammonia to be produced and sold given a randomized price of electricity for three consecutive points in time. The optimization results recommend decreasing production when the price of electricity is high and vice versa. However, the dynamic model must be improved to include fluctuations in the price of ammonia. Then, it can be used as a real-time optimization tool.

Keywords: small-scale Power-to-Ammonia; nonlinear constrained optimization; dynamic optimization (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/16/4171/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/16/4171/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:16:p:4171-:d:1461063

Access Statistics for this article

Energies is currently edited by Ms. Agatha Cao

More articles in Energies from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().