A Cost-Effective Energy Management Approach for On-Grid Charging of Plug-in Electric Vehicles Integrated with Hybrid Renewable Energy Sources

Mohd Bilal, Pitshou N. Bokoro, Gulshan Sharma () and Giovanni Pau
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Mohd Bilal: Department of Electrical Engineering Technology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
Pitshou N. Bokoro: Department of Electrical Engineering Technology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
Gulshan Sharma: Department of Electrical Engineering Technology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
Giovanni Pau: Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kore University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 16, 1-35

Abstract: Alternative energy sources have significantly impacted the global electrical sector by providing continuous power to consumers. The deployment of renewable energy sources in order to serve the charging requirements of plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) has become a crucial area of research in emerging nations. This research work explores the techno-economic and environmental viability of on-grid charging of PEVs integrated with renewable energy sources in the Surat region of India. The system is designed to facilitate power exchange between the grid network and various energy system components. The chosen location has contrasting wind and solar potential, ensuring diverse renewable energy prospects. PEV charging hours vary depending on the location. A novel metaheuristic-based optimization algorithm, the Pufferfish Optimization Algorithm (POA), was employed to optimize system component sizing by minimizing the system objectives including Cost of Energy (COE) and the total net present cost (TNPC), ensuring a lack of power supply probability (LPSP) within a permissible range. Our findings revealed that the optimal PEV charging station configuration is a grid-tied system combining solar photovoltaic (SPV) panels and wind turbines (WT). This setup achieves a COE of USD 0.022/kWh, a TNPC of USD 222,762.80, and a life cycle emission of 16,683.74 kg CO 2 -equivalent per year. The system also reached a 99.5% renewable energy penetration rate, with 3902 kWh/year of electricity purchased from the grid and 741,494 kWh/year of energy sold back to the grid. This approach could reduce reliance on overburdened grids, particularly in developing nations.

Keywords: electric vehicles; charging station; energy management; solar photovoltaic; life cycle analysis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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