Integration and Optimization of Multisource Electric Vehicles: A Critical Review of Hybrid Energy Systems, Topologies, and Control Algorithms

Nikolaos Fesakis, Georgios Falekas, Ilias Palaiologou, Georgia Eirini Lazaridou and Athanasios Karlis ()
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Nikolaos Fesakis: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 67100 Xanthi, Greece
Georgios Falekas: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 67100 Xanthi, Greece
Ilias Palaiologou: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 67100 Xanthi, Greece
Georgia Eirini Lazaridou: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 67100 Xanthi, Greece
Athanasios Karlis: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 67100 Xanthi, Greece

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 17, 1-42

Abstract: Electric vehicles (EVs) are pivotal in addressing the escalating environmental crisis. While EV drivetrains excel compared to those of vehicles with internal combustion engines (ICEs), their energy storage systems are hampered by limited range, lifespan, and lengthy charging times. Hybrid energy storage systems (HESSs) present a viable current solution to these issues. This review thoroughly explores the state of the art in the emerging field of multisource EVs that utilize HESSs, incorporating any combination of batteries (BTs), supercapacitors (SCs), flywheels (FWs), fuel cells (FCs), and/or transmotors. In addition, the paper systematically categorizes and evaluates different hybrid configurations, detailing potential topologies and their respective advantages and limitations. Moreover, the paper examines diverse control algorithms used to manage these complex systems, focusing on their effectiveness and operational efficiency. By identifying current research gaps and technological challenges, this study aims to delineate future research directions that could enhance the deployment and optimization of multisource EVs, thereby addressing critical challenges such as energy density, system reliability, and cost-effectiveness.

Keywords: multisource electric vehicles; hybrid energy storage systems; energy management control algorithms; batteries; supercapacitors; flywheels; transmotor (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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