A Review of Biodiesel Cold Flow Properties and Its Improvement Methods: Towards Sustainable Biodiesel Application

Yano Surya Pradana, I Gusti B. N. Makertihartha (), Antonius Indarto (), Tirto Prakoso and Tatang Hernas Soerawidjaja
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Yano Surya Pradana: Doctoral Program of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha, No. 10, Bandung 40132, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
I Gusti B. N. Makertihartha: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha, No. 10, Bandung 40132, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
Antonius Indarto: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha, No. 10, Bandung 40132, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
Tirto Prakoso: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha, No. 10, Bandung 40132, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
Tatang Hernas Soerawidjaja: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha, No. 10, Bandung 40132, Jawa Barat, Indonesia

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 18, 1-43

Abstract: Significant concerns over energy security and environmental impact reduction will drive all stakeholders to generate proper alternative energies. Biodiesel is a prospective cleaner-burning biofuel that can contribute on addressing these concerns globally. Presently, pure biodiesel (B100) application is still facing several obstacles, principally in terms of its cold flow properties. Improvement in cold flow behavior parameters is the solution to promoting biodiesel implementation at a higher percentage and wider environmental temperature range. This study provides a detailed review of several improvement methods, both physical, chemical, and biological, from various scientific sources, to elevate the cold fluidity characteristics of biodiesel. The investigated methods convincingly offer proper enhancement in the cold flow properties of biodiesel. Mostly, this improvement is accompanied by an alleviation in oxidation stability, cetane number, and/or viscosity. However, the skeletal isomerization method presents promising cold fluidity refinement with minimal reduction in other physical properties. Therefore, the continuous development of these methods promises global sustainable application of high-quality biodiesel.

Keywords: biofuel; biodiesel; cold flow properties improvement; fatty acid profile; physical methods; chemical methods; biological methods; sustainable application (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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