Assessment of Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity Induced by Diesel Exhaust Particles (DEPs) on Cell Line A549 and the Potential Role of Amide-Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes as Fuel Additive

Juan Sebastian Pino, Pedro Nel Alvarado, Winston Rojas, Karen Cacua and Natalia Gomez-Lopera ()
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Juan Sebastian Pino: Grupo de Genética Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia
Pedro Nel Alvarado: Grupo de Investigación Materiales Avanzados y Energía, Facultad de Ingenierías, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Medellín 050010, Colombia
Winston Rojas: Grupo de Genética Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia
Karen Cacua: Grupo de Investigación Materiales Avanzados y Energía, Facultad de Ingenierías, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Medellín 050010, Colombia
Natalia Gomez-Lopera: Grupo de Genética Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 18, 1-29

Abstract: Epidemiological studies have consistently linked air pollution to severe health risks. One strategy to reduce the impact of combustion products from engines is adding additives to the fuel. Potential benefits have been observed in terms of performance and emissions, as well as in decreasing fuel consumption. However, the associated emission of particulate matter into the environment may have unforeseen health effects. This study examines the effects of diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) from diesel fuel mixed with amide-functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTF). The aim is to analyze the properties of DEPs and determine their toxic effects on lung cells. The DEPs were characterized using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, while the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed through gas chromatography. Various assays were conducted to assess cell viability, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. The addition of CNTF to diesel fuel altered the morphology and size of the particles, as well as the quantity and composition of PAHs. At the cellular level, diesel DEPs induce higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, DNA damage, apoptosis, and cytotoxicity compared to both CNTF and diesel–CNTF DEPs. These findings suggest that the nano-additives enhance energy efficiency by reducing pollutants without significantly increasing cell toxicity.

Keywords: functionalized carbon nanotubes; diesel exhaust particles; human epithelial cells; cytotoxicity; apoptosis; DNA damage (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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