Enhancing the Energy Performance of a Gas Turbine: Component of a High-Efficiency Cogeneration Plant

Roxana Grigore (), Aneta Hazi, Ioan Viorel Banu, Sorin Eugen Popa and Sorin Gabriel Vernica
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Roxana Grigore: The Department of Power Engineering and Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, 600115 Bacau, Romania
Aneta Hazi: The Department of Power Engineering and Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, 600115 Bacau, Romania
Ioan Viorel Banu: The Department of Power Engineering and Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, 600115 Bacau, Romania
Sorin Eugen Popa: The Department of Power Engineering and Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, 600115 Bacau, Romania
Sorin Gabriel Vernica: The Department of Power Engineering and Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, 600115 Bacau, Romania

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 19, 1-17

Abstract: Cogeneration is widely recognized as one of the most efficient methods of electricity generation, with gas turbine-based systems playing a critical role in ensuring reliability, sustainability, and consistent power output. This paper presents an energy efficiency analysis of a 14 MW high-efficiency cogeneration unit, featuring a modernized gas turbine as its core component. Since gas turbines often operate under varying loads due to fluctuating demand, this study examines their performance at 100%, 75%, and 50% load levels. It is observed that the efficiency of the gas turbine declines as the load decreases, primarily due to losses resulting from deviations from the design flow conditions. A detailed energy balance, Sankey diagram, and a comparative analysis of performance metrics against the manufacturer’s guarantees are provided for each load scenario. The results indicate that net thermal efficiency decreases by 10.7% at 75% load and by 30.6% at 50% load compared to nominal performance at full load. The performance at full load closely aligns with the values guaranteed by the gas turbine supplier. The gross electrical power output is 1.33% higher than the guaranteed value, and the thermodynamic circuit’s efficiency is 0.49% higher under real conditions. This study represents the initial phase of transitioning the turbine to operate on a fuel blend of natural gas and up to 20% hydrogen, with the goal of reducing CO 2 emissions. As a novel contribution, this paper provides a systematized method for calculating and monitoring the in-service performance of gas turbines. The mathematical model is implemented using the Mathcad Prime 8.0 software, which proves to be beneficial for both operators and researchers.

Keywords: high-efficiency cogeneration; gas turbines; thermal efficiency; energy balance (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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