Composition and Injection Angle Effects on Combustion of an NH 3 /H 2 /N 2 Jet in an Air Crossflow

Donato Cecere, Matteo Cimini, Simone Carpenella, Jan Caldarelli and Eugenio Giacomazzi ()
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Donato Cecere: Laboratory of Sustainable Combustion and Advanced Thermal and Thermodynamic Cycles, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), 00124 Rome, Italy
Matteo Cimini: Laboratory of Sustainable Combustion and Advanced Thermal and Thermodynamic Cycles, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), 00124 Rome, Italy
Simone Carpenella: Department of Civil, Computer Science and Aeronautical Technologies Engineering, Roma Tre University, 00146 Rome, Italy
Jan Caldarelli: Department of Civil, Computer Science and Aeronautical Technologies Engineering, Roma Tre University, 00146 Rome, Italy
Eugenio Giacomazzi: Laboratory of Sustainable Combustion and Advanced Thermal and Thermodynamic Cycles, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), 00124 Rome, Italy

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 20, 1-21

Abstract: This study explores the combined effects of fuel composition and injection angle on the combustion behavior of an NH 3 / H 2 / N 2 jet in an air crossflow by means of high-fidelity Large Eddy Simulations (LESs). Four distinct fuel mixtures derived from ammonia partial decomposition, with hydrogen concentrations ranging from 15% to 60% by volume, are injected at angles of 90 ° and 75 ° relative to the crossflow, and at operating conditions frequently encountered in micro-gas turbines. The influence of strain on peak flame temperature and NO formation in non-premixed, counter-flow laminar flames is first examined. Then, the instantaneous flow features of each configuration are analyzed focusing on key turbulent structures, and time-averaged spatial distributions of temperature and NO in the reacting region are provided. In addition, statistical analysis on the formation pathways of NO and H 2 is performed, revealing unexpected trends: in particular, the lowest hydrogen content flame yields higher temperatures and NO production due to the enhancement of the ammonia-to-hydrogen conversion chemical mechanism, thus promoting flame stability. As the hydrogen concentration increases, this conversion decreases, leading to lower NO emissions and unburned fuel, particularly at the 75 ° injection angle. Flames with a 90 ° injection angle exhibit a more pronounced high-temperature recirculation zone, further driving NO production compared with the 75 ° cases. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing ammonia–hydrogen fuel blends for high-efficiency, low-emission combustion in gas turbines and other applications, highlighting the need for a careful balance between fuel composition and injection angle.

Keywords: hydrogen; ammonia; LES; jet in crossflow; combustion (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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