Optimal Integration of Renewable Energy, Energy Storage, and Indonesia’s Super Grid

Ahmad Amiruddin (), Roger Dargaville and Ross Gawler
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Ahmad Amiruddin: Monash Energy Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Melbourne 3800, Australia
Roger Dargaville: Monash Energy Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Melbourne 3800, Australia
Ross Gawler: Monash Energy Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Melbourne 3800, Australia

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 20, 1-29

Abstract: This paper examines the optimal integration of renewable energy (RE) sources, energy storage technologies, and linking Indonesia’s islands with a high-capacity transmission “super grid”, utilizing the PLEXOS 10 R.02 simulation tool to achieve the country’s goal of 100% RE by 2060. Through detailed scenario analysis, the research demonstrates that by 2050, Indonesia could be on track to meet this target, with 62% of its energy generated from RE sources. Solar PV could play a dominant role, contributing 363 GW, or 72.3% of the total installed capacity out of over 500 GW. The study highlights that lithium-ion batteries, particularly with 4 h of storage, were identified as the most suitable energy storage option across various scenarios, supporting over 1000 GWh of storage capacity. The introduction of a super grid is shown to reduce the average energy generation cost to around USD 91/MWh from the current USD 98/MWh. These findings underscore the potential of a strategic combination of RE, optimized energy storage, and grid enhancements to significantly lower costs and enhance energy security, offering valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders for Indonesia’s transition to a sustainable energy future.

Keywords: renewable energy; sustainable energy; energy storage; super grid; grid optimization; energy modeling; Indonesia (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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