Application of the FDTD Method to Analyze the Influence of Brick Complexity on Electromagnetic Wave Propagation

Agnieszka Choroszucho (), Tomasz Szczegielniak and Dariusz Kusiak
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Agnieszka Choroszucho: Department of Electrical Engineering, Power Electronics and Power Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Białystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45D Str., 15-351 Białystok, Poland
Tomasz Szczegielniak: Department of Automation, Electrical Engineering and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Częstochowa University of Technology, Armii Krajowej 17, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
Dariusz Kusiak: Department of Automation, Electrical Engineering and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Częstochowa University of Technology, Armii Krajowej 17, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 20, 1-28

Abstract: This article presents a numerical analysis of the effects related to the propagation of electromagnetic waves in an area containing a non-ideal, non-uniform, and absorbing dielectric. The analysis concerns the influence of electrical parameters, the structure of the building material, and the layering of the wall on the values of the electric field intensity. A multivariate analysis was carried out with different conductivity values. Homogeneous materials (e.g., solid brick) can be analyzed using the analytical method. In the case of complex materials containing, e.g., hollows (brick with hollows, hollow block), it is necessary to use the numerical method. The FDTD (finite difference time domain) method was used to assess the dependence of the electric field intensity on the layering, the length of hollows in bricks, and the material loss. In order to check the correctness of the adopted numerical assumptions, a series of tests related to the discretization of the model was carried out. The article also presents the influence of changing the length of hollows in bricks on the values of the electric field intensity at a frequency of 2.4 GHz. The instantaneous field distributions and maximum values of the electric field intensity are presented. In the model with a two-layer wall, regardless of the conductivity, the field values were the same for the two models, where the difference in the percentage of ceramic mass in the brick was 8%. A 12% decrease in the percentage of ceramic mass in the brick resulted in a 15% increase in the value of the area between a single-layer and a double-layer wall made of clinker bricks. At a conductivity of 0.04 S/m for a single-layer wall, the field values were similar for all brick variants.

Keywords: finite difference time domain method (FDTD); wireless communication systems; electromagnetic waves propagation; Maxwell’s equations; building materials (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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