Graphite Regeneration and NCM Cathode Type Synthesis from Retired LIBs by Closed-Loop Cycle Recycling Technology of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Alexandra Kosenko (), Konstantin Pushnitsa, Vladislav Chernyavsky, Pavel Novikov and Anatoliy A. Popovich
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Alexandra Kosenko: Laboratory “Synthesis of the New Materials and Structures”, Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195221 Saint Petersburg, Russia
Konstantin Pushnitsa: Laboratory “Synthesis of the New Materials and Structures”, Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195221 Saint Petersburg, Russia
Vladislav Chernyavsky: Laboratory “Synthesis of the New Materials and Structures”, Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195221 Saint Petersburg, Russia
Pavel Novikov: Laboratory “Synthesis of the New Materials and Structures”, Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195221 Saint Petersburg, Russia
Anatoliy A. Popovich: Laboratory “Synthesis of the New Materials and Structures”, Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195221 Saint Petersburg, Russia

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 22, 1-16

Abstract: A closed-loop regeneration process for spent LiCoO 2 has been successfully designed with prior synthesis of LiNi x Co y Mn z O 2 , by the authors. This research applies the methodology to lithium-ion battery anodes, using spent graphite from a decommissioned battery in a leaching process with 1.5 mol∙L −1 malic acid and 3% H 2 O 2 alongside LiCoO 2 . The filtered graphite was separated, annealed in an argon atmosphere, and the filtrate was used to synthesize NCM cathode material. Characterization involved X-ray diffraction, EDX, and SEM techniques. The regenerated graphite (RG) showed a specific discharge capacity of 340.4 mAh/g at a 0.1C rate in the first cycle, dropping to 338.4 mAh/g after 55 cycles, with a Coulombic efficiency of 99.9%. CV and EIS methods provided further material assessment. In a related study, the SNCM111 synthesized from the leaching solution showed a specific discharge capacity of 131.68 mAh/g initially, decreasing to 115.71 mAh/g after 22 cycles.

Keywords: spent graphite anode; regeneration; LiCoO 2; NCM cathode; retired lithium-ion batteries; recycling (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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