Production of Hydrogen from Biomass with Negative CO 2 Emissions Using a Commercial-Scale Fluidized Bed Gasifier

Tomasz Chmielniak (), Tomasz Iluk, Leszek Stepien (), Tomasz Billig and Marek Sciazko
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Tomasz Chmielniak: Department of Thermal and Fluid Flow Machines, Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
Tomasz Iluk: Department of Circular Economy, Institute of Energy and Fuel Processing Technology, ul. Zamkowa 1, 41-803 Zabrze, Poland
Leszek Stepien: Department of Fuel Technology, Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
Tomasz Billig: Department of Circular Economy, Institute of Energy and Fuel Processing Technology, ul. Zamkowa 1, 41-803 Zabrze, Poland
Marek Sciazko: Center of Energy, AGH University of Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 22, 1-27

Abstract: Biomass gasification, as a thermochemical method, has attracted interest due to the growing popularity of biofuel production using syngas or pure hydrogen. Additionally, this hydrogen production method, when integrated with CO 2 capture, may have negative CO 2 emissions, which makes this process competitive with electrolysis and coal gasification. This article presents the results of process and economic analyses of a hydrogen production system integrated with a commercial, fluidized-bed solid fuel gasification reactor (SES technology—Synthesis Energy Systems). With the use of a single gasification unit with a capacity of 60 t/h of raw biomass, the system produces between 72.5 and 78.4 t/d of hydrogen depending on the configuration considered. Additionally, assuming the CO 2 emission neutrality of biomass processing, the application of CO 2 capture leads to negative CO 2 emissions. This allows for obtaining additional revenue from the sale of CO 2 emission allowances, which can significantly reduce the costs of hydrogen production. In this analysis, the breakthrough price for CO 2 emissions, above which the hydrogen production costs are negative, is USD 240/t CO 2 .

Keywords: biomass; gasification; fluid bed gasifiers; hydrogen; cost of production; CO 2 negative emission (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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