Examining the Potential of Biogas: A Pathway from Post-Fermented Waste into Energy in a Wastewater Treatment Plant

Krzysztof Michalski, Magdalena Kośka-Wolny, Krzysztof Chmielowski, Dawid Bedla, Agnieszka Petryk, Paweł Guzdek, Katarzyna Anna Dąbek, Michał Gąsiorek (), Klaudiusz Grübel and Wiktor Halecki
Additional contact information
Krzysztof Michalski: AQUA S.A. ul. 1 Maja 23, 43-300 Bielsko-Biała, Poland
Magdalena Kośka-Wolny: AQUA S.A. ul. 1 Maja 23, 43-300 Bielsko-Biała, Poland
Krzysztof Chmielowski: Department of Natural Gas Engineering, Faculty of Drilling, Oil and Gas, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
Dawid Bedla: Department of Ecology, Climatology and Air Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Kraków, Poland
Agnieszka Petryk: Department of Space Management and Social-Economic Geography, Krakow University of Economics, 31-510 Kraków, Poland
Paweł Guzdek: Faculty of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Krakow University of Technology, 31-155 Kraków, Poland
Katarzyna Anna Dąbek: Department of Natural Gas Engineering, Faculty of Drilling, Oil and Gas, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
Michał Gąsiorek: Department of Soil Science and Agrophysics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Kraków, Poland
Klaudiusz Grübel: Department of Environmental Protection and Engineering, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa 2, 43-309 Bielsko-Biała, Poland
Wiktor Halecki: Institute of Technology and Life Sciences—National Research Institute, Falenty, Al. Hrabska 3, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 22, 1-18

Abstract: Biogas has improved due to technological advancements, environmental awareness, policy support, and research innovation, making it a more cost-effective and environmentally friendly renewable energy source. The Generalized Linear Model (GLM) was employed to examine the relationship between purchased and generated energy from 2007 to 2023. Metrics such as deviance, log likelihood, and dispersion phi were examined to assess model fit. The Mann–Kendall test was utilized to detect trends in energy datasets. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) reduction was significant, exceeding 97% from 2014 to 2023. However, treated sewage displayed limited susceptibility to biological degradation, with COD to BOD5 ratios increasing from 2.28 to 6.59 for raw sewage and from 2.33 to 7.05 for treated sewage by 2023. Additionally, the efficiency of sewage purification processes was calculated, and multivariate regression analysis was conducted on gas composition data. Principal Coordinate Ordination (PCO) and k-means clustering were used for dimensionality reduction and biogas component clustering, respectively. This research showed that biogas from the waste water treatment process can be used, particularly in methane production. Technological advancements have made biogas production more efficient, enhancing energy generation within a circular economy framework.

Keywords: biogas; circular economy; electricity production; heat assessment; sewage treatment (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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