Opportunities and Challenges of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Integration

Tingke Fang, Annette von Jouanne (), Emmanuel Agamloh and Alex Yokochi
Additional contact information
Tingke Fang: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
Annette von Jouanne: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
Emmanuel Agamloh: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
Alex Yokochi: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 22, 1-20

Abstract: This paper presents an overview of the status and prospects of fuel cell electric vehicles (FC-EVs) for grid integration. In recent years, renewable energy has been explored on every front to extend the use of fossil fuels. Advanced technologies involving wind and solar energy, electric vehicles, and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) are becoming more popular for grid support. With recent developments in solid oxide fuel cell electric vehicles (SOFC-EVs), a more flexible fuel option than traditional proton-exchange membrane fuel cell electric vehicles (PEMFC-EVs), the potential for vehicle-to-grid (V2G)’s implementation is promising. Specifically, SOFC-EVs can utilize renewable biofuels or natural gas and, thus, they are not limited to pure hydrogen fuel only. This opens the opportunity for V2G’s implementation by using biofuels or readily piped natural gas at home or at charging stations. This review paper will discuss current V2G technologies and, importantly, compare battery electric vehicles (BEVs) to SOFC-EVs for V2G’s implementation and their impacts.

Keywords: fuel cell vehicles; SOFC-EVs; electric vehicles; alternative fuel; clean energy; vehicle-to-grid (V2G); transportation; sustainability; fuel cell technology; fuel cell vehicle architecture (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/22/5646/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/22/5646/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:22:p:5646-:d:1518938

Access Statistics for this article

Energies is currently edited by Ms. Agatha Cao

More articles in Energies from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().