Alternative Analyzers for the Measurement of Gaseous Compounds During Type-Approval of Heavy-Duty Vehicles

Ricardo Suarez-Bertoa (), Roberto Gioria (), Christian Ferrarese, Lorenzo Finocchiaro and Barouch Giechaskiel
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Ricardo Suarez-Bertoa: European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy
Roberto Gioria: European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy
Christian Ferrarese: European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy
Lorenzo Finocchiaro: European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy
Barouch Giechaskiel: European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 22, 1-18

Abstract: Emissions standards describe the fuels, the procedures, and, among others, the analyzers to be used for the measurement of the different compounds during the type-approval of heavy-duty engines and vehicles. Traditionally, NOx, CO, hydrocarbons, and CO 2 were the gaseous compounds measured within the Euro standard, with the later addition of CH 4 and NH 3 . Euro 7, introduced in early 2024, expanded those compounds, requiring the measurement of N 2 O and HCHO. With an increasing number of molecules that need to be measured and introducing carbonless fuels, such as hydrogen, that present different requirements compared to carbon-based fuels, the test procedure needs to be updated. The performances of three laboratory-grade instruments and three portable emissions measurement systems based on Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) or quantum cascade laser infrared (QCL-IR) technologies were investigated while measuring from the tailpipe of a Diesel engine and a compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicle. All instruments presented good agreement when emissions of NOx, CO, CH 4 , NH 3 , N 2 O, HCHO, and CO 2 were compared using: Z-score, F-test and two tail t -test of student. Water concentration measured by the four FTIRs was also in good agreement. Moreover, the dry emissions of CO 2 and CO measured by the laboratory non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) and corrected using water were a few percentages different from those obtained using the regulated carbon-based approach. The results indicate that all the investigated systems are suitable for the measurement of the investigated gaseous compounds, including CO 2 and H 2 O.

Keywords: FTIR; QCL-IR; water measurement; dry-to-wet correction; Euro VI; Euro 7 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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