Day-Ahead Optimization of Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer Operations Considering System Efficiency and Green Hydrogen Production Constraints Imposed by the European Regulatory Framework

Giuseppe Graber (), Vito Calderaro, Vincenzo Galdi, Lucio Ippolito, Fabrizio De Caro and Alfredo Vaccaro
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Giuseppe Graber: Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
Vito Calderaro: Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
Vincenzo Galdi: Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
Lucio Ippolito: Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
Fabrizio De Caro: Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
Alfredo Vaccaro: Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, Via Roma, 21, 82100 Benevento, BN, Italy

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 22, 1-19

Abstract: Clean hydrogen (H 2 ) use (i.e., produced using either renewable or low-carbon energy sources) can help decarbonize energy-intensive industries, the transport sector, and the power sector. The European regulatory framework establishes that the production of green H 2 must be supported either by the electricity grid through a power purchase agreement (PPA) or by intermittent renewable energy source (RES) plants owned by the hydrogen producer. Although the issue of the optimization of hydrogen production costs has already been approached, constraints related to the current regulatory framework and the modeling of nonlinear electrolyzer efficiency still represent open problems. In this paper, a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problem, assuming as the objective function the overall cost minimization of the allowed energy mix for green H 2 production, is formulated. Two approaches are compared: in the first one, electrolyzers can only operate at 100% load, whereas the second one allows for more flexible electrolyzer scheduling, by enabling partial-load working operations. The simulation results of several scenarios considering different H 2 production targets, forecasted RES production, and cost for PPAs demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.

Keywords: cost optimization; PEM electrolyzer; green hydrogen; optimization; scheduling strategy (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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