A Stackelberg Game-Based Optimal Scheduling Model for Multi-Microgrid Systems Considering Photovoltaic Consumption and Integrated Demand Response

Jie Li, Shengyuan Ji, Xiuli Wang (), Hengyuan Zhang, Yafei Li, Xiaojie Qian and Yunpeng Xiao ()
Additional contact information
Jie Li: State Grid Suzhou Power Supply Company, Suzhou 215004, China
Shengyuan Ji: School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Xiuli Wang: School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Hengyuan Zhang: School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Yafei Li: State Grid Suzhou Power Supply Company, Suzhou 215004, China
Xiaojie Qian: State Grid Suzhou Power Supply Company, Suzhou 215004, China
Yunpeng Xiao: School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 23, 1-18

Abstract: To enhance the interests of all stakeholders in the multi-microgrid integrated energy system and to promote photovoltaic consumption, this paper proposes a master–slave game operation optimization strategy for a multi-microgrid system considering photovoltaic consumption and integrated demand response. Initially, an energy interaction model was established to delineate the relationships between each microgrid and the distribution network, as well as the interactions among the microgrids. Additionally, an integrated demand response model for end-users was developed. This framework leads to the formulation of a one-leader multi-follower interaction equilibrium model, wherein the multi-microgrid system acts as the leader and the users of the multi-microgrid serve as followers. It is proven that a unique equilibrium solution for the Stackelberg game exists. The upper level iteratively optimizes variables such as energy-selling prices, equipment output, and energy interactions among microgrids, subsequently announcing the energy-selling prices to the lower level. The lower level is responsible for optimizing energy load and returning the actual load demand to the upper level. Finally, the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed strategy are demonstrated through the case analysis. Thus, the profitability of the multi-microgrid system is enhanced, along with the overall benefits for each microgrid user, and the amount of photovoltaic curtailment is significantly reduced.

Keywords: photovoltaic consumption; multi-microgrid system; integrated demand response; Stackelberg game; electrical interaction; pricing strategy (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/23/6002/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/23/6002/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:23:p:6002-:d:1532128

Access Statistics for this article

Energies is currently edited by Ms. Agatha Cao

More articles in Energies from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().