Efficient Frequency Management for Hybrid AC/DC Power Systems Based on an Optimized Fuzzy Cascaded PI−PD Controller

Awadh Ba Wazir, Sultan Alghamdi (), Abdulraheem Alobaidi, Abdullah Ali Alhussainy and Ahmad H. Milyani
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Awadh Ba Wazir: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
Sultan Alghamdi: Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
Abdulraheem Alobaidi: Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
Abdullah Ali Alhussainy: Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Prince Mugrin, Madinah 42241, Saudi Arabia
Ahmad H. Milyani: Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 24, 1-49

Abstract: A fuzzy cascaded PI−PD (FCPIPD) controller is proposed in this paper to optimize load frequency control (LFC) in the linked electrical network. The FCPIPD controller is composed of fuzzy logic, proportional integral, and proportional derivative with filtered derivative mode controllers. Utilizing renewable energy sources (RESs), a dual-area hybrid AC/DC electrical network is used, and the FCPIPD controller gains are designed via secretary bird optimization algorithm (SBOA) with aid of a novel objective function. Unlike the conventional objective functions, the proposed objective function is able to specify the desired LFCs response. Under different load disturbance situations, a comparison study is conducted to compare the performance of the SBOA-based FCPIPD controller with the one-to-one (OOBO)-based FCPIPD controller and the earlier LFC controllers published in the literature. The simulation’s outcomes demonstrate that the SBOA-FCPIPD controller outperforms the existing LFC controllers. For instance, in the case of variable load change and variable RESs profile, the SBOA-FCPIPD controller has the best integral time absolute error (ITAE) value. The SBOA-FCPIPD controller’s ITAE value is 0.5101, while sine cosine adopted an improved equilibrium optimization algorithm-based adaptive type 2 fuzzy PID controller and obtained 4.3142. Furthermore, the work is expanded to include electric vehicle (EV), high voltage direct current (HVDC), generation rate constraint (GRC), governor dead band (GDB), and communication time delay (CTD). The result showed that the SBOA-FCPIPD controller performs well when these components are equipped to the system with/without reset its gains. Also, the work is expanded to include a four-area microgrid system (MGS), and the SBOA-FCPIPD controller excelled the SBOA-CPIPD and SBOAPID controllers. Finally, the SBOA-FCPIPD controller showed its superiority against various controllers for the two-area conventionally linked electrical network.

Keywords: load frequency control (LFC); fuzzy cascaded PI?PD controller; secretary bird optimization algorithm (SBOA); hybrid AC/DC power system; communication time delay (CTD) (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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